Research
The faculty and staff of Maritime College are engaged in diverse research activities. This page contains a description and details of the research activities. To access the research projects, search by: research topic, author, or department.
|
|
|
|
Shmuel Yahalom (back to top)
(Business - Port and Terminal Management)
Distinguished Professor
Director of Research
Departments: International Trade and Transportation
Graduate Business and Transportation
Research and writing interests:
My research and writing interests are in transportation management including port development, marine container terminal operations and planning, maritime logistics, economics and finance, shipping economics, operations and the utilization of space and equipment.
Research Reports:
1. Research project title: Maritime Support Services Location Study, Phase I
Principal investigator or responsible individual: Shmuel Yahalom
Research Team: CI-PI – Eric Johansson
Guan Chang
Carl Delo
Students: Four undergraduate students and one graduate student participated in phase I.
Abstract
This is a study on behalf of New York City Economic Development Corporation (NYCEDC) and the Brooklyn Navy Yard Development Corporation (BNYDC) to conduct a Maritime Support Services Location Study. The study identifies the existing maritime support services in New York and determines their future needs. The future maritime support services needs include reference to dry docks, tie-up, piers, and mooring. The study takes into consideration the changes in the industry and their impact on contemporary support services and future needs. The study provides innovative solutions to the mentioned needs and lays out policy recommendations to implement the recommendations.
Research status: Completed in 2008
Funding: $234,000 from New York City Economic Development Corporation
2. Research project title: Maritime Support Services Location Study, Phase II
Principal investigator or responsible individual: Shmuel Yahalom
Research Team: CI-PI – Eric Johansson
Guan Chang
Students: Students are participating in the research effort.
Abstract
This is an extension of the phase I study. This phase:
- focuses on the Brooklyn Navy Yard and determines the demand for its services and the capacity of services it can provide.
- increases the geographic area of phase I.
- expands the sector analysis to include recreation, passengers, and commerce vessels.includes an analysis and policy recommendations with respect to safely sharing the navigation waters between commercial and recreational vessels in the New York Harbor.
Research status: In progress
Funding: $200,000 from New York City Economic Development Corporation
3. Research project title: Intermodal Productivity and Goods Movement
Phase I – Gentry Crane Performance
Phase II – Land Access to Port and Terminal Gate Operations
Phase III – Logistics Operations of Marine Container Terminal
Principal investigator or responsible individual: Shmuel Yahalom
Research Team: Guan Chang and Asher Markowitz
Students: 2 graduate students
Abstract
This was a three-phase study (between 1997 and 2001) for the Port Authority of New York & New Jersey (PANYNJ) of various issues related to the PANYNJ marine terminals.
- Phase I provided a comprehensive analysis of global and local changing market conditions, the latest developments in the container shipping industry, new cargo handling technologies, port needs assessment, ship-shore gantry crane selection criteria, and financing alternatives. The objective was to assist the PANYNJ in purchasing decisions of new ship-shore gantry cranes to the Marine Container Terminals (MCT).
- Phase II studied all the PANYNJ MCT terminals’ land access and gate operations activities in order to determine gate efficiency, capacity, performance and function, access roads, holding pen trucking waiting cost, operating cost and queuing cost per gate and truck. The study was to assist the PANYNJ in evaluating MCT operational efficiency, bottleneck areas, and performance.
- Phase III studied the terminal logistics operations of MCT at Howland Hook Container Terminal to determine future optimal equipment selection for productivity enhancement and land utilization. The analysis included freight movement patterns, operational process, terminal performance, and capacity determination. It provided in-depth analysis of yard handling, yard layout, container dwell time, labor issues, throughput, equipment capability, truck turnaround time, etc. It recommended several alternatives to improve land utilization, enhance terminal operational efficiency, and increase throughput capacity.
Research status: Completed in 2001
Published: University Transportation Research Center, Region II
Funding: $120,000 from the Port Authority of New York & New Jersey and University Transportation Research Center, Region II
For personal information and publications see personal page.
James Drogan (back to top)
(Business – Management)
Senior Lecturer
Department: International Trade and Transportation
Research and writing interests:
Management information systems, logistics, marketing, supply chain, and transportation; tools and techniques of education; adaptive enterprises, learning organizations, real options, highly reliable organizations, cultural change, sustainable organizations, and the balanced scorecard; health, economics, globalization, and foreign policy because these issues form the base on which the others sit.
Research Report
Research project title: Management in the New World
Principal investigator or responsible individual: James Drogan
Abstract
The ebb and flow of global business and the compression of time converge to present a business environment of increasing complexity and uncertainty. Prior management principles and practices are continually battered by the global forces at play.
Transportation cannot escape these pressures inasmuch as it is a derived demand, the golden thread upon which the world relies for the free, fast, reliable worldwide exchange of items of value such as goods and services; money; information, ideas, and news; and culture.
This research examines ideas for contending with these global forces.
Research status: In progress in an informal manner.
Published: Paper is available at http://jmsdrgn.squarespace.com/storage/Managing%20the%20Business.pdf
For personal information and publications see personal page.
Joseph A. Levert, Ph.D., P.E. (back to top)
(Engineering – Tribology)
Assistant Professor of Engineering
Department: Engineering
Research and writing interests:
I am currently involved in tribology research. Tribology is the science of contacting mechanical surfaces in relative motion. In short, tribology is the science of mechanical wear and friction, and we are performing experimental research in the Engineering Building. The specific project is a collaborative effort with Dr. Chad Korach at Stony Brook U. and Maritime College Students to understand the friction of a commercial polishing process which is used to manufacture integrated circuits (computer chips).
Research Report
The Understanding and Control of Damaging Friction in CMP (Chemical Mechanical Polishing) for Integrated Circuit Fabrication
Principal investigator or responsible individual: Joseph A. Levert, Ph.D., P.E.
Research team (names of individuals in the research team and other collaborating institutions, if applicable):
PI Joe Levert (Maritime College) and co-PI Chad S. Korach (Stony Brook U.)
A total of 13 Students have been an active part of this research effort at the Maritime College Tribology Research Laboratory since the fall, 2005 semester.
Abstract
Chemical Mechanical Polishing (CMP) is a process which is vital in fabricating integrated circuits (computer chips). As any polishing process involves a mechanical rubbing, CMP does cause a friction force on the surface of the integrated surface which is being polished. Newer, mechanically weak, porous materials are being integrated into the manufacturing process leaving the partially fabricated integrated circuit vulnerable to damaging friction forces.
The Maritime College Tribology Research Laboratory and the Stony Brook University Nanotribology Laboratory are collaborating in an effort to measure, understand, and control this damaging friction. Experimental friction measurements are performed by Students on a Student built apparatus at the Tribology Research Laboratory. See photo below. This macroscale experimental work guides microscale and nanoscale experimental measurements and physical modeling of the system at the Nanotribology Laboratory.
Both laboratories have jointly published novel data which has characterized friction and damage from CMP. The results have identified the contribution of friction from the varying inputs in the process – such as the polishing pads and the abrasives which do the work of polishing. This has been done on the macroscale, microscale and to some extent on the nanoscale. This work has suggested a route for reducing friction by changing the character of the polishing pad which for over 10 years has never been questioned. Intel has funded this effort and IBM is very interested in this research.
Research status: in progress.
Published:
Journal Articles:
Levert, J.; Korach, C., CMP Friction as a Function of Slurry Silica Nanoparticle Concentration and Diameter, (Approved for publication in STLE Tribology Transactions for review, September, 2007.)
Conference Proceedings:
Choi, J.H.; Lee, Y; DeMarco, L.E.; Leveille, R.T.; Korach, C.S.; Levert, J.A.; Chemical Mechanical Polishing Friction Measurements with Silica Atomic Force Microscope Tips, (Accepted for International Joint Tribology Conference - Extended Abstracts Proceedings, August, 2007.)
Levert, J.; Korach, C., CMP Friction as a Function of Slurry Silica Nanoparticle Concentration and Diameter, International Joint Tribology Conference - Extended Abstracts Proceedings, 2006
Levert, J.; Korach, C., The Relative Friction Force Contributions of Polishing Pads and Slurries during Chemical Mechanical Polishing World Tribology Congress – Extended Abstracts Proceedings, 2005
Student involvement:
A total of 13 Students have worked on this project since the fall, 2005 semester. There is one Student, Mr. Benjamin Buonviri who is working in the Tribology Research Laboratory this semester. He is performing research as part of the Undergraduate Research course.
Funding:
- An initial $10k budget was offered for the first year of effort by Maritime College.
- In 2005, the Faculty Student Association (FSA) granted a $10k to build the Student designed tribometer.
- In the fall of 2006, Intel granted a $25k research contract to the project to define nanoscale damage from CMP. These funds were spent in the Stony Brook University Nanotribology Laboratory.
- In June of 2007, the co-PI’s met with the key CMP technology leader at IBM (Yorktown Heights). Both parties agreed to work on the project.
For personal information and publications see personal page.
Julie Wosk (back to top)
(Humanities - Art and Technology)
Professor
Department: Humanities
Research and writing interests:
I have spent over twenty-five years researching and writing about the interactions between technology, art, and design. My books, articles, and conference papers have focused on the way designers and artists have responded to the dramatic impact of new technologies—from the beginnings of the Industrial Revolution in the late eighteenth century to today’s electronic age. I have published two books and over 25 articles on these subjects.
My research has been wide ranging: art and technology in the nineteenth century, visual representations of women and machines, designing for safety, artists’ images of technological catastrophes and disasters, ornamented machines, designing electronics and automobiles for women and men, and more.
Books
Book. Breaking Frame: Technology and the Visual Arts in the Nineteenth Century (Rutgers University Press, 1992) I researched how artists mirrored the disruptions of industry and mechanization on the natural and social landscape. I also researched cast iron design and how ornamented steam engine frames, including marine steam engines , helped soften concerns about explosive technologies.
Book. Women and the Machine: Representations From the Spinning Wheel to the Electronic Age (Johns Hopkins University Press, 2001, 2003) , I researched how art, photography, advertising and other visual images depict women and machines—from images of women baffled by machines to images of women demonstrating their technical expertise. The research objective was to enhance public understanding of social attitudes and the issues facing today’s designers. A grant for book illustrations was from the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation in their program to broaden the public understanding of science and technology.
Book in progress. Designing For Women, Designing For Men, This is research on electronics designs which includes interviewing corporate representatives from some leading electronics manufacturers including Sony, Kodak, and cell phone manufacturers.
Research Reports
1. Research project title: Art, Technology, and Design in the Nineteenth Century
Principal investigator or responsible individual: Julie Wosk
Abstract
Starting at the beginnings of the Industrial Revolution, artists and industrial designers in America and Europe responded to the dramatic impact of rapid mechanization. Artists pictured the ways railroads, mills and factories, and massive steam engines were transforming the natural and social landscape. New industrial technologies including electroplating and ornamental and architectural cast iron also had a dramatic impact. . Designers and manufacturers in America and England created ornamented steam engine frames, including marine steam engines, to celebrate industrial progress and help ease concerns about explosive technologies.
Published: Research published in numerous articles and my book Breaking Frame: Technology and the Visual Arts in the Nineteenth Century (Rutgers University Press, 1992).
Funding: Some funding received from the SUNY Maritime Foundation.
2. Research project title: Visual Representations of Women and Machines
Principal investigator or responsible individual: Julie Wosk
Abstract
For the past two centuries, women have often been depicted—in art, photography, advertising, film---as forlorn creatures, baffled by flat tires and all things mechanical.
When women mastered new transportation machines such as airplanes, automobiles, and bicycles, however, they successfully challenged the old stereotypes and demonstrated their own technical expertise. Women were pictured as skilled pilots, bicyclists, and car drivers in photography and art. During World War II, images of Rosie the Riveters again dramatically portrayed women’s technical skills. In the electronic age, female artists have created digital images that again reconfigure images of women themselves.
Published: Research ongoing and published in numerous articles and my book Women and the Machine: Representations From the Spinning Wheel to the Electronic Age (Johns Hopkins University Press, 2001, paperback 2003).
Funding: Grants received from the Maritime College Foundation, the State University of New York chapter of United University Professions, and a grant from the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, Program for Broadening the Public Understanding of Science and Technology.
3. Research project title: Designing Industrial Products for Safety
Principal investigator or responsible individual: Julie Wosk
Abstract
Twentieth-century manufacturers are developing new designs for safety to protect a range of natural and man-made catastrophes including hurricanes, earthquakes, terrorist attacks, fires, and more. This research focuses on designs for a wide range of products from heart defibrillators to smoke detectors and building barriers, examining the interplay between ergonomic and aesthetic concerns.
Research status: in progress
Published:
“Catastrophe Chic: A Commentary.” Design Issues 23:4 (Autumn 2007):93-97.
“Designing For Safety.” Technology and Culture 47: 4 (October 2006): 791-798.
4. Research project title: Designing Electronics and Automobiles for Women and Men
Principal investigator or responsible individual: Julie Wosk
Abstract
Today’s designers are tailoring electronics and automobiles to women’s and men’s differing wants and needs. Cell phones, digital cameras, computers, automobiles are all being designed with men and women in mind.
Research status: in progress
5. Research project title: Imaging Technological Disasters
Principal investigator or responsible individual: Julie Wosk
Abstract
Through their visual images of catastrophes, artists and photographers have not only helped provide documentary records but also helped shape public perceptions of technological disasters. Their images have often mirrored public fears and concerns, and revealed acts of human heroism as well.
Research status: in progress
Published: “Photographing Devastation: Three Photography Exhibits of 11 September 2001.” Technology and Culture, 43: 4 (October 2002): 771-76.
6. Research project title: Images of Artificial Women in Film, Photography, and Art (female androids, robots, video game avatars).
Principal investigator or responsible individual: Julie Wosk
Abstract
Artists, photographers, film makers, and video game designers have created visual images of female androids and robots—often picturing them as seductive sirens or domestic servant, images that echo age-old cultural stereotypes but also presenting them as mechanical or electronic wonders. These images have ranged from clockwork eighteenth-century female automatons to video-game heroines like Lara Croft and today’s Japanese female robots that look so real they can easily fool the eye.
Research status: in progress
Published:
“The Electric Eve: Galvanizing Women in Nineteenth and Early Twentieth-Century Literature, Film, and Art.” Research in Philosophy and Technology 13 (1993): 43-56.
Chapters “The Electric Eve” and “The Electronic Eve in Late Twentieth-Century Art” in Julie Wosk, Women and the Machine: Representations From the Spinning Wheel to the Electronic Age.
Research used to create my museum exhibit “Alluring Androids, Robot Women, and Electronic Eves” presented at the New York Hall of Science, Summer 2006. Exhibit catalogue for “Alluring Androids” traveling exhibit will be published by Fort Schuyler Press, 2008.
7. Research project title: History of the Escalator Design and Images of The Escalator in Art and Photography”
Principal investigator or responsible individual: Julie Wosk
Abstract
“Perspectives on the Escalator in Photography and Art.” Catalogue essay for the exhibition Up Down and Across: Elevators, Escalators, and Moving Sidewalks held at the National Building Museum, Washington, DC (essay in catalogue of the same name published by National Building Museum/Merrell Pub. Co. (2003): 140-171.
Published: “The Escalator in Art.” Blueprints (Fall 2003): 12-14.
Funding: Grant from the National Building Museum.
8. Research project title: Ornamented Machines
Principal investigator or responsible individual: Julie Wosk
Abstract
For centuries, designers and engineers have been adding an element of art to steam engines, sewing machines, printing presses, and more. Ornament has helped celebrate national achievements in industry and also helped soften public concerns about safety. In the nineteenth century, American engineers created classical cast-iron frames for steam engines echoing the design of ancient Greek and Roman temples. American printing presses, sewing machines, and even engines were ornamented with decorative iron eagles and floral designs.
Published:
Chapters on cast iron and nineteenth-century industrial design in Julie Wosk, Breaking Frame: Technology and the Visual Arts in the Nineteenth Century (1992).
“Brunel Meets Brunelleschi” (ornamented machines in America). American Heritage of Invention and Technology (Summer 1995): 58-63.
“Manhole Covers and the Myths of America.” Design Book Review (MIT Press, Winter/Spring 1995): 54-56.
9. Research project title: Art and Aviation
Principal investigator or responsible individual: Julie Wosk
Abstract
For over a hundred years artists have celebrated the airplane and sometimes critiqued it as well. From early flying fantasies to the achievements of pioneering aviators and today’s achievements in aviation and space exploration, artists and photographers have created dramatic images of our human ability to soar to great heights and cause destruction as well. Aerial perspectives, also, have created a dramatic shift in our point-of-view.
Published:
Chapter on Women and Aviation in Julie Wosk, Women and the Machine: Representations From the Spinning Wheel to the Electronic Age.
“The Distancing Effect of Technology in Twentieth-Century Poetry and Painting.” San Jose Studies (Spring 1985): 22-41.
“The Aeroplane in Art.” Art and Artists (London)(December 1984): 24-28.
For personal information and publications see personal page.
Marie de Angelis (back to top)
(Science - Chemical Oceanography)
Associate Professor
Department - Science
Research and writing interests:
My research interests within the field of chemical oceanography include reduced trace gases (e.g., CH4, H2, CO) in seawater, marine biogeochemistry, methane oxidation in aquatic environments, hydrothermal vents, hydrocarbon and cold seeps, methane hydrates, nutrient cycling in aquatic environments, anoxic and hypoxic conditions in natural waters and K-12 science education.
Research Reports:
1. Research project title: Partnership for Enhancing Diversity in Marine Geosciences: Holocene Climate and Anthropogenic Changes from Long Island Sound, NY. Submitted to National Science Foundation.
Principal Investigator: Marie de Angelis
Collaborators: C. McHugh, J. Chamberlain, Queens College
M.-H. Cormier, Columbia University
P. Marchese, Queensborough Community College
H. Salmun, Hunter College
H. Sloan, Lehman College
Students: Proposal included funding for a 2-year paid internship for 2 minority Maritime College students in the Marine Environmental Science program
Abstract
This project had a twofold objective: (1) to increase minority recruitment into graduate programs in the geosciences including geology and oceanography and (2) to investigate the impact of anthropogenic activities on the sediments, ecology, and waters of Long Island Sound. My part of the project focused on water quality in Long Island Sound including measurements of temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen and nutrients. The project involved recruitment and mentoring of minority undergraduate students and their participation in all aspects of the research including planning, sampling and data analysis.
Status: not funded
Funding: $105,000 requested
2. Research project title: Inter-annual Variability and Rapid Oscillation of Hypoxia in Western Long Island Sound and the Surrounding Bays. Submitted to National Oceanographic and Atmosphric
Principal Investigator: Marie de Angelis
Collaborators: Y. Zheng, G. Stewart, T. Eaton, P. Marchese, City University of New York
R. L. Swanson, R. E. Wilson; Stony Brook University
D. T. Ho, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University
B. Hales, Oregon State University
Abstract
This proposal sought to understand mechanisms for sub-weekly oscillation and interannual variations of the east to west spatial gradient of summer hypoxia in Western Long Island Sound and the surrounding bays. This east to west gradient of decreasing bottom oxygen persisted every summer since 1991, partly a result of high production in the west, especially the Narrows, due to high nutrient loading. The working hypotheses were: 1) The severity and spatial extent of hypoxia in late summer results from interactions between physical forcing that influence pycnocline structure hence the rates of oxygen supply, and anthropogenic forcing including nutrient-loadingdriven high oxygen consumption rates in the water column and sediment; 2) The inter-annual variations of hypoxia are related to horizontal advection as well as lateral circulation driven by climate forcing of the bottom water temperature of the sound in the winter.
Students: Proposal included funding for 2 Maritime College students in the Marine Environmental Science program to participate in sampling and chemical analysis
Status: not funded
Funding: $145,000 requested
3. Research project title: “Science Education and Leadership Initiative: K-12/Maritime College Collaboration”
Principal Investigator: Marie de Angelis
Students: Proposal included funding for a 2-year paid internship (part-time for 2 semesters and summer) for 2 Maritime College students in the Marine Environmental Science program
Abstract
Oceanography has been recognized by the National Science Foundation as an excellent vehicle for the teaching of K-12 science as it readily engages the interest of students of all ages and is both multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary, embracing biological, chemical, physical and geological sciences. The proposed project addresses the need to strengthen science education in K-12 and to increase scientific literacy particularly in the area of environmental science and issues. This project takes advantage of the Maritime College’s facilities and faculty and undergraduate expertise in ocean and environmental science as well as contacts within New York academic institutions in marine science. The project has 4 components: (1) Teacher workshops (2) High school student workshops. (3) K-12 classroom visits and (4) Undergraduate leadership training.
Status: not funded
Funding: $468,700 requested
For personal information and publications see personal page.
Barbara E. Warkentine (back to top)
(Science Department)
Professor
Departments: Science Department
Research and writing interests:
My research interests focus on the study of aquatic ecosystems. This involves looking at the impact that urbanization has had on the aquatic fauna of local water bodies such as the Bronx River and the Saw Mill River in NY. Aquatic community structure and its linkage to riparian vegetation is also of interest
Research Reports:
1. Research project title: An Evaluation of the Ichthyofauna of the Bronx River, a Resilient Urban Waterway
Principal investigator or responsible individual: Joseph Rachlin and Barbara Warkentine (co-PIs)
Research Team: Joseph Rachlin, Barbara Warkentine, & Antonios Pappantoniou
Students: A number of undergraduate students were involved in aspects of this project (three from Maritime, two from Bx, Comm. College, and two from Lehman College). Three CUNY doctoral students were also involved
Abstract
Fish were sampled from the entire 34.4 km Bronx River each year from 2001 to 2005 inclusive, yielding a database of 4,000 fish comprising 23 freshwater species and 22 estuarine species. These data were compared to the historic data from 1936 – 1998 as recorded in the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation’s digital database, Albany NY. Only 6 freshwater species: bitterling, brown trout, fallfish, grass pickerel, johnny darter and northern pike, reported in the historic data are no longer in the river. However, the original report of the presence of the johnny darter probably resulted from taxonomic confusion since this species has never been in the Hudson Valley, and we strongly believe that the report of the presence of grass pickerel is also the result of misidentification of the specimen for the same reason as given for the johnnny darter. The report of the brown trout should be discounted since this species has been only taken in the Bronx River following a stocking event. We have found a breeding population of brown trout in the southern end of Davis Brook, but these have not yet traversed the multi-channel marsh area to enter the Bronx River proper. Therefore, only three previously reported species, bitterling, fallfish, and northern pike are no longer in the river. Four species: banded killifish, brown bullhead, fourspine stickleback, and smallmouth bass, not reported in the historic database were part of our 2001 -2005 freshwater collection. These discrepancies are explained, and on balance, it was determined that for the past 70 years the Bronx River has been remarkable stable in terms of fish species and diversity. Examination of the estuarine portion of the river shows that it functions as an important nursery ground for many commercial and recreational fish harvester from New York waters.
Research status: Completed in 2007
Funding: $115.819 from Congressman Jose E. Serrano’s WCS/NOAA Lower Bronx River Partnership Grants Program
Published:
Peer Reviewed Journal Article:
Rachlin, J.W., B.E. Warkentine, & A. Pappantoniou (2007) An Evaluation of the Ichthyofauna of the Bronx River, a Resilient Urban Waterway. Northern Naturalist Vol 14(4):531-544.
2. Research project title: Use of a Parsimony Algorithm as a Method for Evaluating Ichthyofaunal Distribution and Co-occurrence in an Urban Stream
Principal investigator or responsible individual: Joseph Rachlin and Barbara Warkentine (co-PIs)
Research Team: Joseph Rachlin, Barbara Warkentine & Antonio Pappantoniou
Students: One Lehman College undergraduate student and two CUNY doctoral students were involved
Abstract
The use of a parsimony algorithm as a method for graphically representing ichthyofaunal distribution and co-occurrence in an urban stream was evaluated using an extensive database of 23 fish species from the freshwater reaches of the Bronx River, New York, USA. The method, based on the idea of considering each sampling station as a “taxon” and the presence or absence of each fish species as a “character state” of that “taxon,” resulted in a single most parsimonious tree from which both species distributions throughout the river and the co-occurrence of the fish species at each of eight stations could be clearly visualized and evaluated. The nesting of the stations obtained by this procedure was compared with results from hierarchical clustering, detrended correspondence analysis, and nonmetric multidimensional scaling. This parsimony analysis technique provided information congruent with the above mentioned multivariate methods; in addition, it provided a unique graphical representation of community structure, a representation that is not readily available from traditional multivariate analysis program packages.
Research status: Completed in 2008
Published:
Peer Reviewed Journal Article:
Rachlin, J.W., B.E. Warkentine, & A. Pappantoniou (2008) Use of a Parsimony Algorithm as a Method for Evaluating Ichthyofaunal Distribution and Co-occurrence in an Urban Stream. Journal of Freshwater Ecology. Vol23(1):1-11.
3. Research project title: Anadromous Fish Reintroduction Program
Principal investigator or responsible individual: Joseph Rachlin, Barbara Warkentine and Natural Resources Group (NRG) (co-PIs)
Research Team: Joseph Rachlin, Barbara Warkentine & Antonios Pappantoniou, NYC Parks Natural Resources Group, CT. DEP, Wildlife Conservation Society, and