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Finding Good Information Resources: Primary v. Secondary

2.1 Successful Searches start with knowing your information sources
One of the first steps to take in a successful search is to determine what type of information you need and where to find that type of information. Two main types of sources are Primary and Secondary sources.

Primary sources capture a first-hand experience in some way; Secondary sources analyze or reflect on primary sources, or give an indirect account of events. Primary sources might include informal personal accounts, like diaries or personal interviews, or more public, formal accounts of an event, like a log-book or news-reporting. Some examples are noted below.

picture of Pitcairn Register from the National Maritime Museum

Primary Sources: offer a first-hand account of events

autobiographies, diaries, letters
photos, maps, plans
newspaper articles on direct account of events
science experiments/data
official records, memos, logs
(Pictured: Pitcairn Register, National Maritime Museum)

 

 

Cover of  the biography entitled  A pirate of exquisite mind : explorer, naturalist, and buccaneer : the life of William Dampier by Diana Preston

Secondary sources: provide a second-hand or interpreted account of events

biographies (Pictured: biography by Diana Preston)
historical books and articles
literary criticism articles
articles discussing experiments
expository books

Secondary sources are often a bit easier to trackdown, because there is generally only "one" primary source or original record. Primary sources might be re-produced in a book, in a journal or on the web, but you might also consult with your librarian to find archival material or a collection that specializes in housing primary sources for your topic.

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 Tutorial Home
Contents - Module 2
  2.1 Primary v. Secondary
  2.2 Scholarly v. Popular
  2.3 General Search Strategy
  2.4 Library and Research Lingo
NOTE:
  Some primary resources might be reproduced in secondary resources, e.g.: a letter by Lincoln reproduced in a biographical article or book
  Newspapers can be either a primary and a secondary source, e.g.: a primary account of events or secondary analysis of a Congressional report

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